BEADS, BRASS AND COWRIES SENEFU

Senufo masks from Ghana, especially those used by the Poro society, are intricately crafted wooden masks employed in important ceremonies such as funerals and initiation rites. These masks are made in two primary forms: the smaller, feminine-style kpeliye’e face masks and the larger, more elaborate kponyugu or “firespitter” helmet masks. Details: Kpeliye’e Masks These are small, oval-shaped face masks that exhibit refined, feminine aesthetics. They often feature symmetrical designs, geometric projections, smooth contours, and raised scarification patterns. Though feminine in appearance, they are worn by men and primarily serve to honor deceased Senufo elders during ceremonial rituals. Kponyugu (Firespitter) Masks These are larger, full-head helmet masks with aggressive and complex compositions, combining elements from multiple animals—such as buffalo, crocodiles, antelope, warthogs, birds, and sometimes chameleons. Their intimidating features are meant to scare away evil spirits and protect the deceased’s soul during funerals. Cultural Significance: Ceremonial Function Both mask types play essential roles in the secretive Poro society, where they are used in spiritual and social rituals like initiations and funerals. They are kept hidden from those not initiated into the society and are revealed only during specific sacred ceremonies. Symbolism and Belief These masks are deeply symbolic, rooted in Senufo spiritual beliefs and cosmology. They reflect themes of nature, ancestral power, and the animal world, with each component of the mask carrying a specific meaning tied to mythology or traditional knowledge. Artistry and Materials The masks are hand-carved with exceptional attention to detail, using a blend of materials such as wood, horn, cotton cloth, feathers, raffia fibers, and occasionally items used in ritual sacrifices. Each mask is a unique work of art, reflecting both the spiritual and aesthetic values of the Senufo people.